The history of cultural diversity in these areas spans many millennia, from the time that hominids first inhabited the area to 19,000 years ago, when modern human activities were first discovered at Engaresero, Engaruka, and the Ngorongoro Crater.
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area boast some of the most significant discoveries, particularly within the Ngorongoro Crater, including the burial mounds or stone cairns from the Later Iron Age, whose inhabitants—referred to (anthropologically) as the Stone Bowl people—inhabited the area around 3,000 years ago. Several inhumations and archaeological occurrences were discovered, including pottery, pestles, stone bowls, obsidian artifacts, beads made of semi-precious stones, and pottery.
Therefore, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area is known to be a permanent homeland to multiple well-known ethnic groups who share distinctive customs and lifestyles, including the Hadza or Hadzabe and Datoga, Irawq. The Maasai people, however, are the most prominent ethnic group, who are thought to have migrated southeast from the Nile region in the 18th century.
The Maasai and Datoga are pastoralists, whereas the Hadzabe are hunter-gatherers and are not related to any of the ethnic groups in the area. They are an indigenous ethnic group found in the Lake Eyasi area, with a population of less than 1000 people. Each of these tribes has its own way of life, with its own set of ancient traditions, mythology, tales, songs, and dances.